940 research outputs found
Optimizing the computation of overriding
We introduce optimization techniques for reasoning in DLN---a recently
introduced family of nonmonotonic description logics whose characterizing
features appear well-suited to model the applicative examples naturally arising
in biomedical domains and semantic web access control policies. Such
optimizations are validated experimentally on large KBs with more than 30K
axioms. Speedups exceed 1 order of magnitude. For the first time, response
times compatible with real-time reasoning are obtained with nonmonotonic KBs of
this size
A Note on Commuting Diffeomorphisms on Surfaces
Let S be a closed surface with nonzero Euler characteristic. We prove the
existence of an open neighborhood V of the identity map of S in the
C^1-topology with the following property: if G is an abelian subgroup of
Diff^1(S) generated by any family of elements in V then the elements of G have
common fixed points. This result generalizes a similar result due to Bonatti
and announced in his paper "Diffeomorphismes commutants des surfaces et
stabilite des fibrations en tores".Comment: 16 page
ArCo: the Italian Cultural Heritage Knowledge Graph
ArCo is the Italian Cultural Heritage knowledge graph, consisting of a
network of seven vocabularies and 169 million triples about 820 thousand
cultural entities. It is distributed jointly with a SPARQL endpoint, a software
for converting catalogue records to RDF, and a rich suite of documentation
material (testing, evaluation, how-to, examples, etc.). ArCo is based on the
official General Catalogue of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and
Activities (MiBAC) - and its associated encoding regulations - which collects
and validates the catalogue records of (ideally) all Italian Cultural Heritage
properties (excluding libraries and archives), contributed by CH administrators
from all over Italy. We present its structure, design methods and tools, its
growing community, and delineate its importance, quality, and impact
Water in Mid Ocean Ridge Basalts: Some Like it Hot, Some Like it Cold
The presence in the Earth’s mantle of even small amounts of water and other
volatiles has major effects: first, it lowers drastically mantle’s viscosity, thereby facilitating
convection and plate tectonics; second, it lowers the melting temperature
of the rising mantle affecting the formation of the oceanic crust. H2O concentration
in oceanic basalts stays below 0.2 wt% except for basalts sampled near “hot spots”
that contain significantly more H2O than normal MORB, implying that their mantle
plume sources are unusually H2O-rich. Basalts sampled in the Equatorial Atlantic
close to the Romanche transform, a thermal minimum in the Ridge system, have a
H2O content that increases as the ridge is cooled approaching the transform offset.
These basalts are Na-rich, being generated by low degrees of melting of the mantle,
and contain unusually high ratios of light versus heavy rare earth elements implying
the presence of garnet in the melting region. H2O enrichment is due not to an
unusually H2O-rich mantle source, but to a low extent of melting of the upwelling
mantle, confined to a deep wet melting region. Numerical models predict that this
wet melting process takes place mostly in the mantle zone of stability of garnet. This
prediction is verified by the geochemistry of our basalts showing that garnet must
indeed have been present in their mantle source. Thus, oceanic basalts are H2O-rich
not only near “hot spots”, but also at “cold spots”
The Complexity of Reasoning for Fragments of Default Logic
Default logic was introduced by Reiter in 1980. In 1992, Gottlob classified
the complexity of the extension existence problem for propositional default
logic as \SigmaPtwo-complete, and the complexity of the credulous and
skeptical reasoning problem as SigmaP2-complete, resp. PiP2-complete.
Additionally, he investigated restrictions on the default rules, i.e.,
semi-normal default rules. Selman made in 1992 a similar approach with
disjunction-free and unary default rules. In this paper we systematically
restrict the set of allowed propositional connectives. We give a complete
complexity classification for all sets of Boolean functions in the meaning of
Post's lattice for all three common decision problems for propositional default
logic. We show that the complexity is a hexachotomy (SigmaP2-, DeltaP2-, NP-,
P-, NL-complete, trivial) for the extension existence problem, while for the
credulous and skeptical reasoning problem we obtain similar classifications
without trivial cases.Comment: Corrected versio
High H2O content in Pyroxenes of residual mantle Peridotites at a Mid Atlantic ridge segment
Global correlations of mid-ocean-ridges basalt chemistry, axial depth and crustal thickness have been ascribed to mantle temperature variations affecting degree of melting. However, mantle H2O content and elemental composition may also play a role. How H2O is distributed in the oceanic upper mantle remains poorly constrained. We tackled this problem by determining the H2O content of orthopyroxenes (opx) and clinopyroxenes (cpx) of peridotites from a continuous lithospheric section created during 26 Ma at a 11°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge segment, and exposed along the Vema Transform. The H2O content of opx ranges from 119 ppm to 383 ppm; that of cpx from 407 ppm to 1072 ppm. We found anomalous H2O-enriched peridotites with their H2O content not correlating inversely with their degree of melting, although H2O is assumed to be incompatible during melting. Inverse correlation of H2O with Ce, another highly incompatible component, suggests post-melting H2O enrichment. We attribute a major role to post-melting temperature-dependent diffusion of hydrogen occurring above the melting region, where water-rich melt flows faster than residual peridotites through dunitic conduits cross-cutting the uprising mantle. Accordingly, estimates of the H2O content of the MORB mantle source based on H2O in abyssal peridotites can be affected by strong uncertainties
Ligand of Numb proteins LNX1p80 and LNX2 interactwith the human glycoprotein CD8a and promote itsubiquitylation and endocytosis
E3 ubiquitin ligases give specificity to the ubiquitylation process by selectively binding substrates. Recently, their function has emerged
as a crucial modulator of T-cell tolerance and immunity. However, substrates, partners and mechanism of action for most E3 ligases
remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified the human T-cell co-receptor CD8 a-chain as binding partner of the ligand of Numb
proteins X1 (LNX1p80 isoform) and X2 (LNX2). Both LNX mRNAs were found expressed in T cells purified from human blood, and
both proteins interacted with CD8a in human HPB-ALL T cells. By using an in vitro assay and a heterologous expression system we
showed that the interaction is mediated by the PDZ (PSD95-DlgA-ZO-1) domains of LNX proteins and the cytosolic C-terminal valine motif of CD8a. Moreover, CD8a redistributed LNX1 or LNX2 from the cytosol to the plasma membrane, whereas, remarkably, LNX1
or LNX2 promoted CD8a ubiquitylation, downregulation from the plasma membrane, transport to the lysosomes, and degradation. Our
findings highlight the function of LNX proteins as E3 ligases and suggest a mechanism of regulation for CD8a localization at the plasma
membrane by ubiquitylation and endocytosis
Birth of an ocean in the Red Sea: Initial pangs
We obtained areal variations of crustal thickness, magnetic intensity, and degree of melting of the sub- axial upwelling mantle at Thetis and Nereus Deeps, the two northernmost axial segments of initial oceanic crustal accretion in the Red Sea, where Arabia is separating from Africa. The initial emplacement of oceanic crust occurred at South Thetis and Central Nereus roughly 2 Ma, respectively, and is taking place today in the northern Thetis and southern Nereus tips. Basaltic glasses major and trace element com- position suggests a rift-to-drift transition marked by magmatic activity with typical MORB signature, with no contamination by continental lithosphere, but with slight differences in mantle source composition and/or potential temperature between Thetis and Nereus. Eruption rate, spreading rate, magnetic intensity, crustal thickness and degree of mantle melting were highest at both Thetis and Nereus in the very initial phases of oceanic crust accretion, immediately after continental breakup, probably due to fast mantle upwelling enhanced by an initially strong horizontal thermal gradient. This is consistent with a rift model where the lower continental lithosphere has been replaced by upwelling asthenosphere before continental rupturing, implying depth-dependent extension due to decoupling between the upper and lower lithosphere with man- tle-lithosphere-necking breakup before crustal-necking breakup. Independent along-axis centers of upwell- ing form at the rifting stage just before oceanic crust accretion, with buoyancy-driven convection within a hot, low viscosity asthenosphere. Each initial axial cell taps a different asthenospheric source and serves as nucleus for axial propagation of oceanic accretion, resulting in linear segments of spreading
Invariant manifolds and equilibrium states for non-uniformly hyperbolic horseshoes
In this paper we consider horseshoes containing an orbit of homoclinic
tangency accumulated by periodic points. We prove a version of the Invariant
Manifolds Theorem, construct finite Markov partitions and use them to prove the
existence and uniqueness of equilibrium states associated to H\"older
continuous potentials.Comment: 33 pages, 6 figure
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